The specifications for how reverse vending machines (RVM) work have been published today.
The UK Deposit Management Organisation (DMO) has set out the standards and performance requirements for these automated machines that will collect beverage containers under the UK’s Deposit Return Scheme (DRS), which is due to come into operation in 2027.
Detailing exactly how RVMs will work in the scheme and what is required of those supplying or operating them brings clarity to organisations such as retailers which will be widely deploying the tech across the UK.
RVMs are set to play a central role in the DRS being introduced across England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. They will allow consumers to return empty drinks containers, such as plastic bottles and cans, and redeem their deposit made at the time of purchase.
According to the DMO, the new specification ensures all machines meet consistent standards for reliability, accessibility and performance across all three nations, while allowing for future innovation and technological improvement that can enhance user experience, efficiency or environmental performance over time.
In terms of the all-important deposit repayment, all RVMs must have the option to produce a paper voucher that enables the consumer to redeem their deposit for cash in store.
“The RVM must be integrated with the return point operator’s electronic point of sale system to ensure that the redemption can be processed,” said the DMO.
“Vouchers should be unique and single use to prevent fraud. In addition to this, the UK DMO does encourage and may introduce alternative payments such as digital payments and donations to charities to provide consumers with choices.”
Read the full specifications here
The DMO noted that it has worked closely with RVM suppliers, regulators across the DRS-participating nations and members of its industry advisory group to prepare and finalise the specifications.
Within the new specifications are the minimum standards of container recognition accuracy, data management and connectivity required, and expectations for machine certification, integration with the DMO’s systems, and use of approved branding and consumer messaging.
Guidance on features such as screen messaging, accessibility options and refund processes has also been issued.
The DMO said by providing clarification on hardware, suppliers, retailers, and return point operators will have the confidence to plan and place orders knowing that their machines will meet the standards required for the DRS.
The software and programming requirements for RVMs are still in development and will be published in line with the wider DMO IT systems next year, with release planned for summer 2026.
The DMO will also publish further details in 2026 on the compensation available to return point operators for purchasing or leasing RVMs, as part of the Retail Handling Fee (RHF). An extensive consultation on the RHF will take place through the industry advisory group beginning this autumn.
[image credit: Co-op]
